PARETO

In 1906, economistul italian – Vilfredo Pareto – a creat o formula matematica pentru a descrie inegalitatea distributiei bogatiei din tara sa, observand ca 20% din populatie detineau 80% din bogatia totala.

La sfarsitul anilor 1940, Dr. Joseph M. Juran i-a atribuit lui Pareto Regula 80/20, numind-o Principiul lui Pareto. Acest principiu se poate intalni si sub alte denumiri (Legea lui Pareto) si este un instrument foarte util pentru un management de succes.

De unde provine?

Dupa ce Pareto a creat formula empiric, pe baza observatiilor sale, multe alte persoane au observat acest fenomen in ariile lor de expertiza. Un pionier al Managementului Calitatii – Dr. Joseph Juran – a recunoscut si formulat un principiu universal, pe care l-a numit „putinul esential si multimea fara valoare”.

Intr-o lucrare de la inceputul activitatii sale, lipsa unei precizari pe o anumita sectiune a facut sa para ca a aplicat observatiile economice ale lui Pareto. Drept urmare, observatiile lui Juran asupra „putinului esential si multimii fara valoare”, principiul conform caruia 20% din ceva intotdeauna reprezinta 80% din rezultat au devenit cunoscute drept Principiul lui Pareto sau regula 80/20.

Ce reprezinta?

Regula 80/20 descrie faptul ca in aproape orice problema, „putinul” (20%) reprezinta esentialul, iar „multimea” (80%) reprezinta partea mai putin valoroasa.

In cazul problemei lui Pareto, 20% din populatia tarii sale detineau 80% din bogatia acesteia.

Managerii de proiecte stiu faptul ca 20% din munca depusa (primele 10% si ultimele 10%) consuma 80% din timpul si resursele necesare.

Poti aplica aceasta regula – 80/20 – la aproape orice, incepand cu stiinta managementului si mergand pana la problemele de zi cu zi.

Astfel, stii faptul ca 20% din stocurile tale ocupa 80% din spatiul din depozit si ca 80% din stocurile tale provin de la 20% din furnizorii tai. De asemenea, 80% din vanzarile tale provin de la 20% din personalul departamentului de Vanzari. 20% din personalul tau vor determina 80% din problemele tale, dar alte 20% din angajatii tai vor determina 80% din productia pe care o realizezi. Functioneaza, dupa cum se poate observa, in ambele sensuri ale unei probleme.

Cum iti poate fi de folos?

Pentru un manager, valoarea Principiului Pareto este reprezentata de faptul ca ii aminteste acestuia sa se concentreze asupra celor 20% care conteaza.

Din toate lucrurile pe care le realizezi intr-o zi, doar 20% conteaza intr-adevar. Acele 20% produc 80% din rezultatele tale. Identifica-le si concentreaza-ti atentia asupra lor. Cand esti presat de timp sau de probleme, aminteste-ti de cele 20% asupra carora trebuie sa iti concentrezi atentia. Daca trebuie sa renunti la o anumita activitate intr-o zi, asigura-te ca nu face parte din acei 20% care conteaza.

Principiul lui Pareto (Regula 80/20) ar trebui sa ne aminteasca tuturor zilnic sa ne concentram 20% din timpul si energia noastra asupra celor 80% din realizarile noastre.

Nu trebuie doar sa lucrezi inteligent, ci sa lucrezi inteligente la lucruri cu adevarat importante.

Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto

(15 July 1848 – 19 August 1923), born Wilfried Fritz Pareto, was an Italian industrialist, sociologist, economist, and philosopher. He made several important contributions to economics, particularly in the study of income distribution and in the analysis of individuals’ choices. “His legacy as an economist was profound. Partly because of him, the field evolved from a branch of social philosophy as practiced by Adam Smith into a data intensive field of scientific research and mathematical equations.

His books look more like modern economics than most other texts of that day: tables of statistics from across the world and ages, rows of integral signs and equations, intricate charts and graphs.” He introduced the concept of Pareto efficiency and helped develop the field of microeconomics. He also was the first to discover that income follows a Pareto distribution, which is a power law probability distribution. The pareto principle was named after him and built on observations of his such as that 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population. He also contributed to the fields of sociology and mathematics.

Biography

Pareto was born of an exiled noble Genoese family in 1848 in Paris, the centre of the popular revolutions of that year. His father, Raffaele Pareto (1812–1882), was an Italian civil engineer; his mother, Marie Metenier, a French woman. Enthusiastic about the 1848 German revolution, his parents named him Fritz Wilfried, which became Vilfredo Federico upon his family’s move back to Italy in 1858.^[2] In his childhood, Pareto lived in a middle-class environment, receiving a high standard of education. In 1867, he earned a degree in mathematical sciences and in 1870 a doctorate in engineering from what is now the Polytechnic University of Turin. His dissertation was entitled “The Fundamental Principles of Equilibrium in Solid Bodies”. His later interest in equilibrium analysis in economics and sociology can be traced back to this paper.

Economic rules

A few economic rules are based on his work:

• The Pareto index is a measure of the inequality of income distribution.
• The Pareto chart is a special type of histogram, used to view causes of a problem in order of severity from largest to smallest. It is a statistical tool that graphically demonstrates the Pareto principle or the 80-20 rule.
• Pareto’s law concerns the distribution of income.
• The Pareto distribution is a probability distribution used, among other things, as a mathematical realization of Pareto’s law.